Abhinavagupta describes four means suited to different capacities: anupāya, the no-means, in which realization comes by grace alone; śāmbhava, the way of pure will and awareness; śākta, the way of knowledge and contemplation; and āṇava, the individual way of breath, mantra and meditation. In Buddhism, upāya means skilful means.
Upāya
A means: in Kashmir Śaivism, the four ways to realization, from the “no-means” to the individual means.
Also: Upaya